Advancements in GFCI Technology and UL 943 Requirements for Home Inspectors

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) play a critical role in residential electrical safety, protecting occupants from electrical shock and electrocution. As GFCI technology has evolved, so have the standards governing their performance. In a recent ASHI webinar, Advancements in GFCI Technology and UL 943 Requirements, presented by Stacy Genovese, Product Manager for Safety Receptacles at Leviton, home inspectors explored how modern GFCIs work, why updated requirements matter, and what these changes mean during a home inspection.

GFCIs are designed to monitor electrical current and interrupt power when an imbalance is detected. While early GFCI devices relied on mechanical components, today’s models use electronic circuitry that allows for faster response times and improved reliability. These advancements have significantly reduced failure rates and improved long-term performance.

A major focus of the webinar was UL 943, the safety standard that regulates GFCI devices in the United States. Recent updates to UL 943 require GFCIs to include self-testing features, which automatically verify the device’s ability to provide protection. If a GFCI detects an internal failure, it is designed to alert users or deny power altogether. This fail-safe design represents a substantial improvement in occupant safety.

For home inspectors, these changes can affect how GFCIs appear during an inspection. A non-responsive GFCI may not indicate a wiring defect but rather an internal failure identified by the device itself. Understanding this distinction helps inspectors write clearer reports, communicate effectively with clients, and reduce liability by focusing on safety rather than speculation.

Stacy also addressed best practices for testing GFCIs during a home inspection. While using the test button is appropriate, inspectors should remember that passing a test does not guarantee continued functionality. GFCIs have a finite service life, and environmental conditions such as moisture, heat, and electrical surges can shorten that lifespan. Clear reporting should emphasize observed performance and recommend further evaluation or replacement when necessary.

Another topic discussed was nuisance tripping. Modern GFCIs are better equipped to differentiate between true ground faults and harmless electrical noise, reducing unnecessary power interruptions while maintaining safety. This improvement benefits homeowners and provides inspectors with greater confidence when evaluating electrical systems.

As residential electrical systems continue to evolve, staying current with GFCI technology and UL 943 requirements is essential for professional home inspectors. Ongoing education helps inspectors deliver accurate inspections, improve client communication, and support safer homes.

To learn more about advancements in GFCI technology and inspection implications, watch the full webinar recording available on ASHI Edge.